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Central Force Optimization (CFO) is a new and interesting optimization method that has been developed by Richard A. Formato. The most interesting aspect of CFO is that it is fully deterministic unlike PSO, GA, AIS, or any of the other PIS based techniques.

The papers that he has produced on the topic can be found at:

1. Are Near Earth Objects the Key to Optimization Theory?
2. Central Force Optimization: A New Metaheuristic with Applications in Applied Electromagnetics
3. Central Force Optimization: A New Nature Inspired Computational Framework for Multidimensional Search and Optimization
4. Central Force Optimization: A New Deterministic Gradient -like Optimization  Metaheuristic
5. Comparative Results: Group Search Optimizer and Central Force Optimization
6. Pseudorandomness in Central Force Optimization
7. Central Force Optimization Applied to the PBM Suite of Antenna Benchmarks

And, for all of those interested, click here to download my C++ implementation.

In pursuing some of my research as of late, I needed to use Particle Swarm Optimization. All I wanted was some simple code for both Real and Binary PSO – but I couldn’t find anything I like! So, I’m providing a file containing both along with the RNG that I used. Please be aware that this code has not been refined. It’s clear, but rather ugly.

Particle Swarm Optimization Code

Mersenne Twister